What Is the Rule of Law

Presumption of Innocence

Fair and Prompt Trials

Separation of Powers

Punished According to Law

Open Justice, Independent and Impartial Judiciary

No Retrospective Laws Should Be Made

Laws Made Open and Transparent by the People

Government Agencies as Model Litigants

Open Criticism and Free Speech

Law Is Known and Accessible

Freedom of Speech

Equality Before the Law

Checks and Balances

Access to Justice

Federation

Referendums

Civics and Citizenship

Division of Powers

Human Rights

Courts

Criminal Justice System

Civil law

Principle of Legality

First Civil Case: Kables and Lost Parcel

Establishment NSW Supreme Court

Democracy

Laws

Law and Technology

Australian History: Making a Nation

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Anti-Corruption Bodies

Royal Commissions

The Attorney General

The Police

Governor General 

What is the Magna Carta

International Criminal Court

Treaties

International Law

The Legal and Political Environment (core)

• The difference between laws and non-legal rules

• The reasons for laws in society

• The principles and benefits of the rule of law

• The differences between criminal law and civil law

• Law-making processes, including statute law and common law

• The hierarchy and jurisdiction of state and federal courts

• The purpose of the Australian Constitution

• The democratic system of government in Australia as outlined in the Australian Constitution

• Levels of government and their responsibilities, including the division of powers

• How and why the separation of powers exists between the parliament, executive and judiciary

• Comparison of the democratic systems of government with other systems of government

• The rights and responsibilities of individuals in the democratic process

Law in action (option)

• The importance of human rights

• The characteristics of human rights

• How human rights are incorporated into Australian law

• The role of law enforcement agencies

• Types of court personnel

• The role of juries and how they are selected

• The elements that must be proven for someone to be convicted of a crime

• The purposes and types of punishments for a range of crimes

• The ways in which individuals make come into contact with civil law

• The purposes and types of civil law remedies

Depth study (core) — Australia: making a Nation — from Federation to WWI (1889 - c. 1919)

• Factors that contributed the development of democracy in Australia

• Differing perspectives and key developments leading to Federation in Australia

• Passing of the War Precautions Act 1914

• The features of the Australian Constitution, including federalism, the division of power and separation of powers

• Protection of workers’ rights including the role of trade unions and the function of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901

• The role of the Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 in the advancement of women's rights

• Continuity and change of NSW governance structures